/* ==========================================================================
   Acta Juris Criminalis — journal website
   Design system and global styles
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  --ink: #17222c;
  --ink-soft: #33414c;
  --muted: #5b6872;
  --muted-light: #7a858d;
  --navy: #0b2239;
  --navy-deep: #061726;
  --navy-soft: #14324e;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --ivory: #f7f4ec;
  --ivory-deep: #f0ece1;
  --line: #ddd9cf;
  --line-strong: #c4c1b8;
  --orange: #ff6a00;
  --orange-text: #b84a00;
  --orange-deep: #9f3f00;
  --action: #c94f00;
  --action-hover: #a93f00;
  --orange-soft: #fff0e3;
  --gold: #c6a15b;
  --gold-light: #e6c88f;
  --blue: #0b5b8e;
  --blue-dark: #073f63;
  --green: #256b4a;
  --green-soft: #eaf4ee;
  --red: #a12d2d;
  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, "Times New Roman", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --mono: "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace;
  --container: 1240px;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(11, 34, 57, 0.05), 0 4px 12px rgba(11, 34, 57, 0.05);
  --shadow-md: 0 2px 4px rgba(11, 34, 57, 0.06), 0 16px 42px rgba(11, 34, 57, 0.1);
  --shadow-lg: 0 32px 74px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.34);
  --ease: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.3, 1);
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

[id] {
  scroll-margin-top: 72px;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

body.no-scroll {
  overflow: hidden;
}

img,
svg {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
p,
ul,
ol,
dl,
figure,
blockquote {
  margin-top: 0;
}

a {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}

button,
input,
select,
textarea {
  font: inherit;
  color: inherit;
}

button {
  cursor: pointer;
}

button,
a {
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}

:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid #f4a261;
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

::selection {
  background: var(--orange);
  color: #fff;
}

[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 500;
  top: 12px;
  left: 12px;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  border: 2px solid var(--orange);
  transform: translateY(-160%);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.container {
  width: min(calc(100% - 64px), var(--container));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.container--narrow {
  width: min(calc(100% - 64px), 1040px);
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.icon {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  flex: none;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.icon--tiny {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
}

.icon--lg {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
}

.eyebrow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.17em;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.eyebrow::before {
  content: "";
  width: 18px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--orange);
}

.eyebrow--light {
  color: var(--gold-light);
}

.eyebrow--plain {
  display: block;
}

.eyebrow--plain::before {
  display: none;
}

.lede {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2vw, 24px);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.text-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.text-link:hover {
  color: var(--blue-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.text-link:hover .arrow {
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

.text-link--orange {
  color: var(--orange-text);
}

.text-link--light {
  color: #fff;
}

.text-link--light:hover {
  color: var(--gold-light);
}

.arrow {
  transition: transform 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.rule {
  height: 1px;
  margin: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: var(--line);
}

.section {
  padding: 72px 0;
}

.section--tight {
  padding: 52px 0;
}

.section--ivory {
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.section--top-rule {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.section-head {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  padding-top: 18px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
}

.section-head__title {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 34px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.section-head__aside {
  flex: none;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
}

.section-head__note {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.section-intro {
  max-width: 680px;
  margin: -12px 0 32px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Buttons and small controls
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 9px;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 0 19px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-align: center;
  transition: background 0.2s var(--ease), border-color 0.2s var(--ease), color 0.2s var(--ease), transform 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.btn:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.btn:active {
  transform: translateY(1px);
}

.btn--primary {
  background: var(--action);
  color: #fff;
}

.btn--primary:hover {
  background: var(--action-hover);
}

.btn--outline {
  border-color: var(--navy);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--navy);
}

.btn--outline:hover {
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
}

.btn--ghost-light {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.34);
  background: transparent;
  color: #fff;
}

.btn--ghost-light:hover {
  border-color: #fff;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.btn--white {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--navy);
}

.btn--white:hover {
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.btn--wide {
  width: 100%;
}

.btn--sm {
  min-height: 36px;
  padding-inline: 14px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
}

.btn--lg {
  min-height: 48px;
  padding-inline: 23px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.btn .icon {
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
}

.link-button {
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: inherit;
  font: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.link-button:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
}

.tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  padding: 2px 7px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  line-height: 1.6;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.tag--oa {
  border-color: #c6ddce;
  background: var(--green-soft);
  color: var(--green);
}

.tag--free {
  border-color: #d8e4ed;
  background: #eef5fa;
  color: var(--blue);
}

.tag--editorial {
  border-color: #e8d8c3;
  background: #fdf6eb;
  color: #98612b;
}

.tag--orange {
  border-color: #f0d2bc;
  background: var(--orange-soft);
  color: var(--orange-text);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Utility bar and publisher mark
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.utility-bar {
  background: var(--navy-deep);
  color: #b9c7d2;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.utility-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  min-height: 38px;
}

.publisher {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.publisher:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #fff;
}

.publisher__mark {
  width: 17px;
  height: 23px;
  color: var(--orange);
}

.utility-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 22px;
}

.utility-nav a,
.utility-nav button {
  color: #c6d2db;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.utility-nav a:hover,
.utility-nav button:hover {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.utility-nav .utility-account {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  color: #fff;
}

.utility-search {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}

.utility-search .icon {
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
}

.utility-divider {
  width: 1px;
  height: 14px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Masthead
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.masthead {
  background: var(--paper);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e9e6df;
}

.masthead__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 32px;
  padding: 22px 0 21px;
}

.journal-identity {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  min-width: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.journal-identity:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-thumb {
  width: 51px;
  height: 72px;
  flex: none;
  border: 1px solid #d6d1c4;
  box-shadow: 4px 4px 0 #eeeae1;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s var(--ease), transform 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.journal-identity:hover .journal-thumb {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 5px 7px 0 #eeeae1;
}

.journal-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.34em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.journal-title {
  display: block;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(27px, 2.7vw, 35px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.04;
}

.journal-subtitle {
  margin: 5px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.journal-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.journal-meta span + span::before {
  content: "·";
  margin: 0 7px;
  color: #a9a399;
}

.journal-meta a {
  color: inherit;
}

.journal-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 9px 10px;
  max-width: 450px;
}

.journal-actions__track {
  flex-basis: 100%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  padding-top: 1px;
}

.track-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.track-link:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.track-link .icon {
  width: 11px;
  height: 11px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Primary navigation
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.site-nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 80;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.site-nav.is-stuck {
  box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(11, 34, 57, 0.09);
}

.nav-inner {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 51px;
}

.nav-list {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.nav-list > li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.nav-link,
.nav-menu-button {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  height: 100%;
  padding: 0 17px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 650;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-menu-button:hover {
  color: var(--navy);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-link::after,
.nav-menu-button::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 17px;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 17px;
  height: 3px;
  background: transparent;
  transition: background 0.15s ease;
}

.nav-link:hover::after,
.nav-menu-button:hover::after,
.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-link::after,
.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-menu-button::after {
  background: var(--orange);
}

.nav-menu-button {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.nav-menu-button .chevron {
  width: 9px;
  height: 9px;
  margin-top: 1px;
  transition: transform 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.has-menu.menu-open > .nav-menu-button .chevron {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.nav-sub {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 90;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  min-width: 252px;
  padding: 9px 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--orange);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(5px);
  transition: opacity 0.16s ease, transform 0.16s ease, visibility 0.16s;
}

.has-menu:hover > .nav-sub,
.has-menu:focus-within > .nav-sub,
.has-menu.menu-open > .nav-sub {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.nav-sub a {
  display: block;
  padding: 9px 18px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.nav-sub a:hover {
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-sub a span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.nav-tools {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  margin-left: auto;
  padding-left: 18px;
}

.nav-issue {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.nav-issue::before {
  content: "";
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  background: var(--orange);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.nav-issue:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-search {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 31px;
  height: 31px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.nav-search:hover {
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--navy);
}

.nav-search .icon {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  align-self: center;
  padding: 8px 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.nav-toggle .bars {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 18px;
  height: 12px;
}

.nav-toggle .bars span {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 1.5px;
  background: currentColor;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;
}

.nav-open .nav-toggle .bars span:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(5.25px) rotate(45deg);
}

.nav-open .nav-toggle .bars span:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.nav-open .nav-toggle .bars span:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-5.25px) rotate(-45deg);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Hero — current issue
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.hero {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 79% 42%, rgba(198, 161, 91, 0.14), transparent 30%),
    linear-gradient(128deg, #0a1f33 0%, #0d2a44 58%, #081c2f 100%);
  color: #fff;
}

.hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 72px 72px;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8), transparent 86%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -330px;
  right: -170px;
  width: 760px;
  height: 760px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(230, 200, 143, 0.16);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 70px rgba(230, 200, 143, 0.025), 0 0 0 140px rgba(230, 200, 143, 0.018);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero__inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 320px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 76px;
  padding: 60px 0 76px;
}

.hero__content {
  max-width: 770px;
}

.hero__kicker {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 11px;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.19em;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero__kicker span {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 4px;
  height: 4px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--orange);
}

.hero__title {
  max-width: 740px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(42px, 5vw, 62px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.032em;
  line-height: 1.035;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.hero__title em {
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-style: italic;
}

.hero__lede {
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  color: rgba(232, 240, 246, 0.76);
  font-size: 16.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.hero__credit {
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  color: #8fa5b6;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.hero__credit strong {
  color: #c9d7e0;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.hero__actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 13px 18px;
  margin-top: 31px;
}

.hero__actions .text-link {
  font-size: 12.5px;
}

.hero__media {
  position: relative;
  justify-self: end;
  width: min(100%, 306px);
}

.hero__media::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  inset: 17px -17px -17px 17px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(198, 161, 91, 0.55);
}

.hero__cover {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.hero__cover-caption {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 20px;
  color: #96aab9;
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero__cover-caption a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.hero__cover-caption a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.hero__vertical {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: -45px;
  width: max-content;
  color: rgba(230, 200, 143, 0.35);
  font-size: 8px;
  letter-spacing: 0.32em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(90deg);
  transform-origin: center;
}

.stats-shell {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  margin-top: -39px;
}

.stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.stat {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  padding: 20px 24px 19px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  transition: background 0.18s ease;
}

.stat:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.stat:hover {
  background: var(--ivory);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.stat__label {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  line-height: 1.45;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.stat__label .icon {
  width: 11px;
  height: 11px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.stat__value {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 5px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.stat__value small {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.stat__note {
  margin: 2px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.stat__arrow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 20px;
  right: 18px;
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  color: #b3aca0;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.stat:hover .stat__arrow {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translate(2px, -2px);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Main layout, article lists, badges
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.layout-main {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 332px;
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: start;
}

.layout-main__aside {
  min-width: 0;
}

.article-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  list-style: none;
}

.article-item {
  padding: 23px 0 22px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.article-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.article-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px 10px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.article-type {
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-title {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 18.5px;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  line-height: 1.38;
}

.article-title a {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.article-title a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}

.article-authors {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.article-authors span {
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.article-citation {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.article-citation .doi {
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.article-actions-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.article-file-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.article-file-link:hover {
  color: var(--blue-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.article-file-link .icon {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
}

.article-file-link--quiet {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.article-file-link--quiet:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.list-end-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  margin-top: 22px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.alert-copy {
  margin: 0 0 11px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.article-snippet {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.68;
}

.article-snippet strong {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Sidebar cards */

.side-card {
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.side-card + .side-card {
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.side-card--flush {
  padding: 0;
}

.side-card__head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  padding-bottom: 11px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.side-card__head h2,
.side-card__head h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.side-card__head a {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.side-card__head a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.side-card--navy {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 25px 24px;
  border-color: var(--navy);
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
}

.side-card--navy::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: -55px;
  bottom: -65px;
  width: 170px;
  height: 170px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(230, 200, 143, 0.22);
  border-radius: 50%;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.side-card--navy h2,
.side-card--navy h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.18;
}

.side-card--navy p {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: #b7c6d2;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.side-card--navy .btn {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.side-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 9px;
  margin: 15px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.side-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  color: #d2dee7;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.side-links a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.side-links .icon {
  width: 11px;
  height: 11px;
}

.metrics-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0 -4px;
}

.metric {
  padding: 6px 4px 14px;
}

.metric:nth-last-child(-n + 2) {
  padding-bottom: 2px;
}

.metric__value {
  display: block;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 27px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.metric__value sup {
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 8px;
  font-weight: 600;
  vertical-align: super;
}

.metric__label {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.metrics-note {
  margin: 15px 0 0;
  padding-top: 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.metrics-note a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.sparkline {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  margin: 10px 0 1px;
  overflow: visible;
}

.alert-form {
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.field {
  display: block;
}

.field-label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.field-input,
.field-select,
.field-textarea {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 39px;
  padding: 9px 11px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.field-input::placeholder,
.field-textarea::placeholder {
  color: #9a9f9f;
}

.field-input:focus,
.field-select:focus,
.field-textarea:focus {
  border-color: var(--blue);
  outline: 2px solid rgba(11, 91, 142, 0.15);
  outline-offset: 0;
}

.field-inline {
  display: flex;
}

.field-inline .field-input {
  min-width: 0;
  border-right: 0;
  border-radius: 2px 0 0 2px;
}

.field-inline .btn {
  flex: none;
  border-radius: 0 2px 2px 0;
}

.form-note {
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.form-note a {
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.form-status {
  margin: 9px 0 0;
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.form-status.is-success {
  color: var(--green);
}

.form-status.is-error {
  color: var(--red);
}

.social-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  margin: 15px 0 0;
}

.social-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 31px;
  height: 31px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  cursor: pointer;
  line-height: 1;
  transition: border-color 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease, background 0.15s ease;
}

.social-link:hover {
  border-color: var(--navy);
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.social-link svg {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
}

.index-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 7px;
  margin: 0;
}

.index-badge {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 38px;
  padding: 6px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-align: center;
}

.index-badge:hover {
  border-color: var(--line-strong);
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Tabs, rankings, calls for papers
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.split-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(0, 0.9fr);
  gap: 68px;
  align-items: start;
}

.tabs {
  display: flex;
  gap: 25px;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.tab {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 0 11px;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.tab:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.tab[aria-selected="true"] {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.tab[aria-selected="true"]::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--orange);
}

.tab-panel {
  animation: panel-in 0.25s ease;
}

@keyframes panel-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(4px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.rank-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.rank-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 30px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 13px;
  padding: 17px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.rank-item:first-child {
  padding-top: 14px;
}

.rank-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.rank-number {
  color: #b1a99a;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 23px;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.rank-title {
  margin: 0 0 3px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.rank-title a {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.rank-title a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.rank-meta {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.cfp-feature {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 100px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.cfp-feature + .cfp-feature {
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.cfp-cover {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.cfp-content {
  min-width: 0;
}

.cfp-label {
  margin: 1px 0 6px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cfp-title {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.cfp-title a {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.cfp-title a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.cfp-meta {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.cfp-deadline {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.cfp-deadline .icon {
  width: 11px;
  height: 11px;
}

.cfp-mini {
  padding: 17px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.cfp-mini:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.cfp-mini .cfp-label {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.cfp-mini .cfp-title {
  font-size: 17px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.cfp-mini .cfp-meta {
  margin-bottom: 7px;
}

.cfp-foot {
  margin-top: 16px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Aims / editor
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.scope-editor {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) minmax(0, 0.65fr);
  gap: 70px;
  align-items: start;
}

.scope-copy {
  max-width: 730px;
}

.scope-copy .section-head {
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.scope-copy p {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

.scope-copy p:first-of-type {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.scope-topics {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.scope-topics li {
  padding: 4px 9px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.editor-card {
  position: relative;
  padding: 26px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.editor-card::before {
  content: "\201C";
  position: absolute;
  top: 10px;
  right: 22px;
  color: var(--gold);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 58px;
  line-height: 1;
  opacity: 0.35;
}

.editor-card__label {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.editor-card__person {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 13px;
  margin-bottom: 17px;
}

.monogram {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 17px;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.monogram--sm {
  width: 39px;
  height: 39px;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.monogram--lg {
  width: 74px;
  height: 74px;
  font-size: 25px;
}

.monogram--light {
  background: var(--ivory-deep);
  color: var(--navy);
}

.editor-card__name {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.editor-card__role {
  margin: 2px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.editor-quote {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 16.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.editor-card .text-link {
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   News, CTA band
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.news-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 36px;
}

.news-item {
  padding-top: 17px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.news-date {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-bottom: 9px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.news-date::before {
  content: "";
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  background: var(--orange);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.news-title {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.news-title a {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.news-title a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.news-excerpt {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.news-item .text-link {
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

.cta-band {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
}

.cta-band::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -280px;
  right: -120px;
  width: 660px;
  height: 660px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(230, 200, 143, 0.16);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 66px rgba(230, 200, 143, 0.025), 0 0 0 132px rgba(230, 200, 143, 0.018);
}

.cta-band::after {
  content: "IUS";
  position: absolute;
  right: 8%;
  bottom: -48px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 200px;
  line-height: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.cta-band__inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 56px;
  padding: 57px 0;
}

.cta-band__copy {
  max-width: 680px;
}

.cta-band .eyebrow {
  color: var(--gold-light);
}

.cta-band__title {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 4vw, 44px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

.cta-band__text {
  margin: 0;
  color: #b8c7d3;
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.cta-band__actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 11px;
  flex: none;
}

.cta-band__note {
  margin: 16px 0 0;
  color: #8497a6;
  font-size: 10.5px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Footer
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.site-footer {
  background: var(--navy-deep);
  color: #aab8c2;
}

.footer-main {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 1.5fr) repeat(3, minmax(150px, 0.8fr));
  gap: 48px;
  padding: 56px 0 43px;
}

.footer-brand {
  max-width: 320px;
}

.footer-publisher {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
}

.footer-publisher .publisher__mark {
  width: 16px;
  height: 22px;
}

.footer-journal {
  margin: 22px 0 4px;
  color: #f3eee3;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.footer-cn {
  margin: 0 0 15px;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.26em;
}

.footer-about {
  margin: 0 0 19px;
  color: #8093a2;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.footer-social {
  display: flex;
  gap: 7px;
}

.footer-social .social-link {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  color: #c4d1da;
}

.footer-social .social-link:hover {
  border-color: var(--orange);
  background: var(--orange);
  color: #fff;
}

.footer-col h2 {
  margin: 4px 0 17px;
  color: #f1eee6;
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.footer-col ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.footer-col li + li {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.footer-col a {
  color: #9cafbb;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.footer-col a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-contact {
  color: #9cafbb;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.footer-contact strong {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  color: #dce6ec;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.footer-contact + .footer-contact {
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.footer-contact a {
  color: #dce6ec;
}

.footer-bottom {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
  padding: 21px 0 25px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.11);
  color: #738695;
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.footer-legal {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px 17px;
}

.footer-legal a {
  color: #9aabba;
}

.footer-legal a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

.footer-note {
  max-width: 660px;
  margin: 11px 0 0;
  color: #5b6d7c;
  font-size: 9px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.footer-issn {
  flex: none;
  color: #8396a5;
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  text-align: right;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Page header and breadcrumbs
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.page-header {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 34px 0 42px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 88% 0%, rgba(198, 161, 91, 0.15), transparent 28%),
    var(--ivory);
}

.page-header::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 7%;
  width: 1px;
  height: 100%;
  background: rgba(11, 34, 57, 0.06);
}

.breadcrumbs {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  margin-bottom: 25px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.breadcrumbs a {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.breadcrumbs a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.breadcrumbs .sep {
  color: #aca79c;
}

.breadcrumbs [aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  max-width: 460px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.page-header__grid {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 50px;
}

.page-header__main {
  max-width: 800px;
}

.page-header h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(38px, 4.4vw, 52px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.page-header__lede {
  max-width: 690px;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.page-header__aside {
  flex: none;
  max-width: 280px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.page-header__aside strong {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.page-header--dark {
  border-bottom: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 82% 30%, rgba(198, 161, 91, 0.16), transparent 30%),
    var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
}

.page-header--dark::after {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.page-header--dark .breadcrumbs,
.page-header--dark .breadcrumbs a {
  color: #93a7b7;
}

.page-header--dark .breadcrumbs a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

.page-header--dark .breadcrumbs [aria-current="page"] {
  color: #d4dfe6;
}

.page-header--dark .page-header__lede {
  color: #b7c7d3;
}

.page-header--dark .eyebrow {
  color: var(--gold-light);
}

.page-header--dark .page-header__aside {
  color: #a6b7c4;
}

.page-header--dark .page-header__aside strong {
  color: #fff;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Article archive / filters
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.archive-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 264px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 52px;
  align-items: start;
}

.filters {
  position: sticky;
  top: 73px;
  padding-top: 17px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
}

.filters__head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 21px;
}

.filters__title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.clear-filters {
  border: 0;
  background: none;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.clear-filters:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.filter-group {
  padding: 19px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.filter-group:last-of-type {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.filter-group h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.filter-options {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 9px;
}

.check {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.check input {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  flex: none;
  margin: 2px 0 0;
  accent-color: var(--orange);
}

.check span {
  flex: 1;
}

.check small {
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10px;
}

.filter-search {
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 21px;
}

.filter-search .icon {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 10px;
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.filter-search input {
  padding-left: 32px;
}

.filter-foot {
  padding-top: 22px;
}

.results-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 22px;
  padding-bottom: 15px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.results-head h1,
.results-head__title {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 29px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.results-count {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.results-tools {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  flex: none;
}

.sort-select {
  min-height: 34px;
  padding: 5px 27px 5px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background-color: #fff;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 11px;
}

.active-filters {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  margin: 15px 0 0;
}

.filter-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  padding: 4px 8px;
  border: 1px solid #d8d2c6;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.filter-chip button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.filter-chip button:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.results-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.result-item {
  padding: 24px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.result-item .article-title {
  max-width: 850px;
  font-size: 20px;
}

.result-item .article-snippet {
  display: -webkit-box;
  margin-top: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
}

.result-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.result-tag {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.result-tag + .result-tag::before {
  content: "·";
  margin-right: 6px;
  color: #b9b2a6;
}

.no-results {
  padding: 58px 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  text-align: center;
}

.no-results__icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 54px;
  height: 54px;
  margin-bottom: 17px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.no-results h2 {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.no-results p {
  max-width: 380px;
  margin: 0 auto 17px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.filters-toggle {
  display: none;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Issue page
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.issue-masthead {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 34px;
  padding: 30px 0 33px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.issue-masthead__cover {
  width: 150px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.issue-masthead__meta {
  min-width: 0;
}

.issue-number {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.issue-masthead h1,
.issue-masthead h2 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 3.7vw, 43px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.issue-masthead__sub {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.issue-masthead__sub strong {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.issue-nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 7px;
  align-self: flex-start;
}

.issue-nav a,
.issue-nav button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  min-height: 33px;
  padding: 0 11px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.issue-nav a:hover,
.issue-nav button:hover {
  border-color: var(--ink-soft);
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.issue-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 290px;
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: start;
  margin-top: 34px;
}

.issue-editorial {
  position: relative;
  margin: 30px 0 0;
  padding: 28px 30px 27px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--orange);
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.issue-editorial__label {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.issue-editorial h2 {
  max-width: 660px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 27px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.issue-editorial h2 a {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.issue-editorial h2 a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.issue-editorial p {
  max-width: 690px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.issue-editorial .article-authors {
  margin-top: 12px;
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

.toc {
  margin-top: 39px;
}

.toc-group + .toc-group {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.toc-group__head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 11px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.toc-group__head h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.toc-group__head span {
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.toc-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.toc-item {
  padding: 21px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.toc-item__meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px 13px;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.toc-item .article-title {
  font-size: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.toc-pages {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.toc-abstract {
  margin-top: 6px;
}

.toc-abstract summary {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
}

.toc-abstract summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.toc-abstract summary::before {
  content: "+";
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.toc-abstract[open] summary::before {
  content: "−";
}

.toc-abstract p {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.issue-aside {
  position: sticky;
  top: 73px;
}

.issue-aside .side-card__head + p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.issue-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.issue-list li {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.issue-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.issue-list a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 11px 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.issue-list a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.issue-list small {
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.issue-highlights {
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.issue-highlights li {
  position: relative;
  padding: 6px 0 6px 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.issue-highlights li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 13px;
  left: 0;
  width: 4px;
  height: 4px;
  background: var(--orange);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Article detail
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.article-page-header {
  padding: 31px 0 36px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.article-badges {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px 9px;
  margin-bottom: 13px;
}

.article-detail-title {
  max-width: 950px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(34px, 4.3vw, 48px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.028em;
  line-height: 1.12;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.article-byline {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 19px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.article-byline a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.article-byline a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.article-byline sup {
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.affiliations {
  margin: 12px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.affiliations sup {
  margin-right: 3px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 8px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.affiliations .corresponding-note {
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.affiliations .corresponding-note a {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.article-source-line {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px 14px;
  margin: 19px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.article-source-line strong {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.article-source-line .doi {
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.article-source-line .doi a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.article-toolbar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.article-toolbar .btn {
  min-height: 38px;
  padding-inline: 14px;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.article-toolbar .icon {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
}

.article-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 304px;
  gap: 58px;
  align-items: start;
  padding-top: 36px;
  padding-bottom: 80px;
}

.article-body {
  min-width: 0;
}

.article-section-title {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.highlights {
  margin: 0 0 30px;
  padding: 20px 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--orange);
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.highlights h2 {
  margin: 0 0 9px;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.highlights ul {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 7px 28px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.highlights li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 14px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.highlights li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 8px;
  left: 0;
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  background: var(--orange);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.abstract-block {
  margin-bottom: 29px;
}

.abstract-text {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.73;
}

.abstract-text p {
  margin-bottom: 13px;
}

.keywords {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  margin: 19px 0 0;
}

.keywords__label {
  margin-right: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.keyword {
  padding: 3px 8px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.graphical-abstract {
  margin: 0 0 31px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.graphical-abstract a {
  display: block;
}

.graphical-abstract img {
  width: 100%;
}

.graphical-abstract figcaption {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 10px 13px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.graphical-abstract figcaption strong {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.fulltext {
  margin-top: 36px;
  padding-top: 4px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
}

.fulltext h2 {
  margin: 31px 0 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 27px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.fulltext h3 {
  margin: 25px 0 9px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.fulltext p {
  margin: 0 0 15px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.82;
}

.fulltext p:first-of-type {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.fulltext-section + .fulltext-section {
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.fulltext .dropcap::first-letter {
  float: left;
  margin: 5px 9px 0 0;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 51px;
  line-height: 0.86;
}

.article-pullquote {
  margin: 27px 0;
  padding: 4px 0 4px 23px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--gold);
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.article-pullquote cite {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-style: normal;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.table-wrap {
  margin: 24px 0 27px;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.data-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.data-table caption {
  padding: 0 0 9px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-align: left;
}

.data-table th {
  padding: 9px 11px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: bottom;
}

.data-table td {
  padding: 9px 11px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  vertical-align: top;
}

.data-table tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.table-note {
  margin: 7px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.references {
  margin-top: 43px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
}

.references h2 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.reference-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  counter-reset: refs;
}

.reference-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 0 13px 27px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.62;
  counter-increment: refs;
}

.reference-list li::before {
  content: counter(refs) ".";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.reference-list a {
  color: var(--blue);
  word-break: break-word;
}

.article-aside {
  position: sticky;
  top: 73px;
}

.article-aside .side-card + .side-card {
  margin-top: 16px;
}

.download-card {
  border-color: var(--line-strong);
}

.download-card .btn + .btn {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.download-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 16px;
  margin: 13px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.article-metrics-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 15px;
}

.article-metric__value {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 25px;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.article-metric__label {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.citation-mini {
  margin-top: 15px;
  padding-top: 13px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.citation-mini p {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.citation-mini .btn {
  min-height: 31px;
  padding-inline: 11px;
  font-size: 10.5px;
}

.related-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.related-list li {
  padding: 11px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.related-list li:first-child {
  padding-top: 0;
}

.related-list li:last-child {
  padding-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.related-list a {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.related-list a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.related-list span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.share-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.share-row .social-link {
  width: 29px;
  height: 29px;
}

.article-note {
  margin-top: 35px;
  padding-top: 15px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.article-note a {
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-footer-nav {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 36px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.article-footer-nav a {
  max-width: 45%;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.article-footer-nav span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Dialogs, toast
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.search-dialog,
.cite-dialog {
  width: min(760px, calc(100vw - 40px));
  max-height: calc(100vh - 80px);
  margin: 56px auto auto;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.search-dialog::backdrop,
.cite-dialog::backdrop {
  background: rgba(5, 18, 30, 0.7);
  backdrop-filter: blur(3px);
}

.search-panel {
  padding: 31px 33px 30px;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--orange);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.dialog-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.dialog-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.dialog-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.dialog-close {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.dialog-close:hover {
  border-color: var(--navy);
  color: var(--navy);
}

.dialog-close .icon {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
}

.search-form {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
}

.search-form__field {
  position: relative;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.search-form__field .icon {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 14px;
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.search-form__input {
  width: 100%;
  height: 49px;
  padding: 0 14px 0 43px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: #fff;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.search-form__input:focus {
  border-color: var(--blue);
  outline: 2px solid rgba(11, 91, 142, 0.14);
  outline-offset: 0;
}

.search-form .btn {
  height: 49px;
  flex: none;
}

.search-hints {
  margin-top: 23px;
  padding-top: 17px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.search-hints p {
  margin: 0 0 9px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.popular-terms {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
}

.term-chip {
  padding: 4px 9px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  transition: border-color 0.15s ease, background 0.15s ease;
}

.term-chip:hover {
  border-color: var(--orange);
  background: var(--orange-soft);
  color: var(--orange-text);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.dialog-foot {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-top: 19px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
}

.dialog-foot a {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.cite-panel {
  border-top: 4px solid var(--orange);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.cite-panel__body {
  padding: 28px 33px 27px;
}

.cite-tabs {
  display: flex;
  gap: 22px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.cite-tab {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 0 9px;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.cite-tab[aria-selected="true"] {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.cite-tab[aria-selected="true"]::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--orange);
}

.citation-text {
  margin: 19px 0 0;
  padding: 16px 17px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.cite-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 13px;
}

.cite-actions .form-note {
  margin: 0;
}

.toast {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 400;
  right: 24px;
  bottom: 24px;
  max-width: min(380px, calc(100vw - 32px));
  padding: 12px 17px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--orange);
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(10px);
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease, visibility 0.2s;
}

.toast.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.toast strong {
  color: var(--gold-light);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   About page
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.about-intro {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 230px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 58px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 42px 0 51px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.about-intro__cover {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.about-intro__copy {
  max-width: 760px;
}

.about-intro__copy .lede {
  margin: 0 0 17px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2.3vw, 28px);
  line-height: 1.48;
}

.about-intro__copy p {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.about-intro__meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 30px;
  margin-top: 22px;
  padding-top: 17px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.about-intro__meta div {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.about-intro__meta strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.about-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 210px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: start;
  padding-top: 46px;
  padding-bottom: 84px;
}

.on-this-page {
  position: sticky;
  top: 76px;
  padding-top: 15px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
}

.on-this-page h2 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.on-this-page ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.on-this-page li + li {
  margin-top: 1px;
}

.on-this-page a {
  display: block;
  padding: 6px 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.on-this-page a:hover,
.on-this-page a.is-active {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.on-this-page a.is-active {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.on-this-page .side-card {
  margin-top: 23px;
  padding: 15px;
}

.on-this-page .side-card p {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.on-this-page .side-card a {
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.about-body section {
  scroll-margin-top: 84px;
}

.about-body section + section {
  margin-top: 46px;
  padding-top: 35px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.about-body h2 {
  margin: 0 0 17px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 34px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.about-body h3 {
  margin: 26px 0 8px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.about-body p {
  max-width: 820px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.about-body .lede {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 18px;
}

.about-body li {
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.about-body li + li {
  margin-top: 5px;
}

.scope-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 10px 36px;
  margin: 21px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.scope-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 16px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.scope-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 9px;
  left: 0;
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  background: var(--orange);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.editor-chief {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 104px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 23px;
  align-items: start;
  margin: 22px 0 30px;
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.editor-chief h3 {
  margin: 3px 0 3px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.editor-chief__role {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.editor-chief p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.people-group {
  margin-top: 26px;
}

.people-group h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.people-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0 28px;
}

.person {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 38px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 11px;
  padding: 13px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person__name {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.person__aff {
  margin: 2px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.metrics-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 20px 0 14px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.metrics-table th,
.metrics-table td {
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.metrics-table th {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.metrics-table td:last-child {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-align: right;
}

.metrics-table td:last-child small {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 9px;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.index-logos {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-top: 19px;
}

.index-logo {
  padding: 10px 15px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.timeline {
  margin: 23px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.timeline li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 62px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
  padding: 13px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.timeline time {
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.timeline p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.timeline strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.contact-panel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 28px;
  margin-top: 22px;
  padding: 23px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.contact-panel h3 {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.contact-panel p {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.contact-panel a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Publish page
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.publish-intro {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(0, 0.8fr);
  gap: 64px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 37px 0 46px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publish-intro__copy .lede {
  margin-bottom: 13px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(21px, 2.3vw, 27px);
}

.publish-intro__copy p {
  max-width: 650px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.publish-intro__card {
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--orange);
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.publish-intro__card h2 {
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.publish-intro__card p {
  margin: 0 0 15px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.publish-intro__card .btn {
  min-height: 37px;
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

.publish-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px;
  gap: 62px;
  align-items: start;
  padding-top: 48px;
  padding-bottom: 82px;
}

.publish-layout > * {
  min-width: 0;
}

.publish-body {
  min-width: 0;
}

.publish-body a {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.publish-body section {
  scroll-margin-top: 84px;
}

.publish-body section + section {
  margin-top: 42px;
  padding-top: 31px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publish-body h2 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(27px, 2.7vw, 32px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.publish-body h3 {
  margin: 25px 0 7px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.publish-body p {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

.publish-body ul {
  padding-left: 18px;
}

.publish-body li {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.publish-body li + li {
  margin-top: 4px;
}

.process-steps {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  margin: 23px 0 0;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.process-step {
  padding: 18px 18px 20px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.process-step:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

.process-step:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.process-step__number {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--orange);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.process-step h3 {
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.process-step p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.types-table {
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 18px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

.types-table th {
  padding: 9px 11px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-align: left;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.types-table td {
  padding: 10px 11px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  line-height: 1.55;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.types-table td:first-child {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.checklist {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 7px 24px;
  margin: 17px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.checklist li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 19px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.checklist li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 7px;
  left: 0;
  width: 9px;
  height: 5px;
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid var(--green);
  border-left: 1.5px solid var(--green);
  transform: rotate(-45deg);
}

.oa-panel {
  margin-top: 21px;
  padding: 23px 25px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--green);
  background: var(--green-soft);
}

.oa-panel h3 {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--green);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.oa-panel p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.oa-panel a {
  color: var(--green);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.faq-list {
  margin-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.faq {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.faq summary {
  position: relative;
  padding: 15px 30px 15px 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.5;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
}

.faq summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.faq summary::after {
  content: "+";
  position: absolute;
  top: 14px;
  right: 3px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.faq[open] summary::after {
  content: "−";
}

.faq__body {
  padding: 0 30px 17px 0;
}

.faq__body p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.publish-aside {
  position: sticky;
  top: 73px;
}

.publish-aside .side-card--navy .btn {
  min-height: 37px;
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

.publish-aside .side-card {
  padding: 20px;
}

.publish-aside .side-card h2 {
  font-size: 11px;
}

.guide-download {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 11px;
  margin-top: 14px;
  padding-top: 13px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.guide-download .icon {
  width: 22px;
  height: 22px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
}

.guide-download strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.guide-download span {
  display: block;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9px;
}

.contact-editorial {
  margin-top: 15px;
  padding-top: 13px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.contact-editorial a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Search page
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.search-page-form {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-top: 23px;
}

.search-page-form .search-form__input {
  height: 52px;
  background: #fff;
}

.search-page-form .btn {
  height: 52px;
}

.search-page-body {
  padding: 34px 0 78px;
}

.search-page-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px;
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: start;
}

.search-summary {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 6px 12px;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--navy);
}

.search-summary h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 27px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.search-summary p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

.search-group + .search-group {
  margin-top: 31px;
}

.search-group h3 {
  margin: 0 0 11px;
  padding-bottom: 7px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.search-result {
  display: block;
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.search-result:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.search-result:hover .search-result__title {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.search-result__meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px 10px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.search-result__title {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  font-size: 16.5px;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.search-result__excerpt {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.search-result mark {
  background: #ffe0bd;
  color: inherit;
  padding: 0 1px;
}

.search-empty {
  padding: 50px 28px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--ivory);
  text-align: center;
}

.search-empty h2 {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 26px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.search-empty p {
  max-width: 430px;
  margin: 0 auto 17px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.suggested-searches {
  margin-top: 23px;
  padding-top: 17px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.suggested-searches h3 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.suggested-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.search-aside {
  position: sticky;
  top: 73px;
}

.search-aside .side-card + .side-card {
  margin-top: 16px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   404
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.not-found {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 58vh;
  padding: 68px 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 78% 45%, rgba(198, 161, 91, 0.13), transparent 27%),
    var(--ivory);
}

.not-found__inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: 660px;
}

.not-found__code {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--orange-text);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.not-found h1 {
  margin: 0 0 15px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(42px, 6vw, 64px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.not-found p {
  max-width: 500px;
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.not-found__actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px;
}

.not-found__mark {
  position: absolute;
  right: 4%;
  bottom: -40px;
  color: rgba(11, 34, 57, 0.04);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 300px;
  line-height: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Reveal animation
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(14px);
  transition: opacity 0.6s var(--ease), transform 0.6s var(--ease);
}

.reveal.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
  .reveal {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Responsive
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  .hero__inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 285px;
    gap: 52px;
  }

  .hero__media {
    width: 285px;
  }

  .layout-main {
    gap: 44px;
  }

  .split-grid {
    gap: 48px;
  }

  .scope-editor {
    gap: 48px;
  }

  .archive-layout {
    gap: 38px;
  }

  .article-layout {
    gap: 42px;
  }

  .issue-layout {
    gap: 42px;
  }

  .publish-layout {
    gap: 44px;
  }

  .search-page-layout {
    gap: 44px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1040px) {
  .masthead__inner {
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .journal-actions {
    max-width: 330px;
    gap: 7px;
  }

  .journal-actions .btn {
    min-height: 37px;
    padding: 0 12px;
    font-size: 11.5px;
  }

  .nav-link,
  .nav-menu-button {
    padding: 0 12px;
    font-size: 12.5px;
  }

  .nav-link::after,
  .nav-menu-button::after {
    right: 12px;
    left: 12px;
  }

  .nav-tools {
    gap: 10px;
    padding-left: 8px;
  }

  .nav-issue {
    display: none;
  }

  .layout-main {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px;
    gap: 38px;
  }

  .article-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px;
    gap: 35px;
  }

  .issue-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px;
    gap: 35px;
  }

  .stats .stat {
    padding-inline: 18px;
  }

  .stat__value {
    font-size: 25px;
  }

  .article-aside {
    top: 68px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 940px) {
  .container {
    width: min(calc(100% - 48px), var(--container));
  }

  .utility-nav a:first-child,
  .utility-nav .utility-divider {
    display: none;
  }

  .masthead__inner {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 18px;
    padding: 20px 0;
  }

  .journal-actions {
    max-width: none;
    flex: 1 0 100%;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .journal-actions__track {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero__inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 250px;
    gap: 40px;
    padding: 48px 0 68px;
  }

  .hero__media {
    width: 250px;
  }

  .hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(40px, 5.2vw, 51px);
  }

  .hero__lede {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .layout-main {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 48px;
  }

  .layout-main__aside {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .layout-main__aside .side-card {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .layout-main__aside .side-card--navy {
    grid-column: span 2;
  }

  .split-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 48px;
  }

  .scope-editor {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 36px;
  }

  .editor-card {
    max-width: 530px;
  }

  .news-grid {
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .cta-band__inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 27px;
  }

  .cta-band__actions {
    flex: initial;
  }

  .footer-main {
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 36px;
  }

  .footer-brand {
    grid-column: span 3;
    max-width: 480px;
    padding-bottom: 4px;
  }

  .archive-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 32px;
  }

  .article-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 40px;
  }

  .article-aside {
    position: static;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
    align-items: start;
  }

  .article-aside .side-card {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .article-aside .side-card:nth-child(3) {
    grid-column: span 2;
  }

  .issue-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 40px;
  }

  .issue-aside {
    position: static;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 18px;
    align-items: start;
  }

  .issue-aside .side-card {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .publish-layout,
  .search-page-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 40px;
  }

  .publish-aside,
  .search-aside {
    position: static;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
    align-items: start;
  }

  .publish-aside .side-card,
  .search-aside .side-card {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .publish-aside .side-card--navy {
    grid-column: span 2;
  }

  .about-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 40px;
  }

  .about-intro {
    grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 36px;
  }

  .page-header__grid {
    gap: 30px;
  }

  .page-header__aside {
    max-width: 230px;
  }

  .search-aside {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .nav-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
  }

  .nav-inner {
    align-items: center;
    min-height: 50px;
  }

  .nav-list {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 85;
    top: 100%;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    padding: 7px 0 13px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 24px rgba(11, 34, 57, 0.08);
  }

  .nav-open .nav-list {
    display: flex;
  }

  .nav-list > li {
    display: block;
  }

  .nav-link,
  .nav-menu-button {
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    padding: 12px 0;
    font-size: 13.5px;
  }

  .nav-link::after,
  .nav-menu-button::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-link {
    color: var(--orange-text);
  }

  .nav-menu-button {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .nav-sub {
    display: none;
    position: static;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0 0 7px;
    border: 0;
    border-top: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: none;
  }

  .has-menu.menu-open > .nav-sub {
    display: block;
  }

  .has-menu:hover > .nav-sub,
  .has-menu:focus-within > .nav-sub {
    display: none;
  }

  .has-menu.menu-open:hover > .nav-sub,
  .has-menu.menu-open:focus-within > .nav-sub {
    display: block;
  }

  .nav-sub a {
    padding: 7px 14px;
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  .nav-sub a span {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-tools {
    margin-left: auto;
  }

  .hero__inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 36px;
    padding: 44px 0 65px;
  }

  .hero__media {
    justify-self: start;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 22px;
    align-items: end;
    width: min(100%, 480px);
  }

  .hero__media::before {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero__cover-caption {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 7px;
    margin: 0 0 4px;
  }

  .hero__vertical {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(39px, 7.2vw, 55px);
  }

  .stats {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }

  .stat:nth-child(2) {
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .stat:nth-child(-n + 2) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .stats-shell {
    margin-top: -28px;
  }

  .news-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 25px;
  }

  .news-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 130px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 4px 20px;
    padding-top: 14px;
  }

  .news-date {
    grid-row: span 3;
    align-self: start;
    margin: 2px 0 0;
  }

  .news-title {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
  }

  .footer-main {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 33px;
  }

  .footer-brand {
    grid-column: span 2;
  }

  .footer-bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 15px;
  }

  .footer-issn {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .page-header__grid {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 23px;
  }

  .page-header__aside {
    max-width: 520px;
    padding-top: 15px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .archive-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 26px;
  }

  .filters {
    position: static;
    display: none;
    padding: 18px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
    background: #fff;
  }

  .filters.is-open {
    display: block;
  }

  .filters-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
  }

  .results-head {
    padding-top: 4px;
  }

  .issue-masthead {
    grid-template-columns: 118px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 24px;
    padding: 25px 0;
  }

  .issue-masthead__cover {
    width: 118px;
  }

  .issue-nav {
    grid-column: 2;
    justify-self: start;
  }

  .issue-editorial {
    padding: 23px;
  }

  .about-intro {
    grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 26px;
    padding: 30px 0 37px;
  }

  .about-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
    padding-top: 31px;
  }

  .on-this-page {
    position: static;
    padding: 14px 0 0;
  }

  .on-this-page h2 {
    margin-bottom: 7px;
  }

  .on-this-page ul {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 3px 18px;
  }

  .on-this-page li + li {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .on-this-page a {
    padding: 4px 0;
  }

  .on-this-page .side-card {
    display: none;
  }

  .publish-intro {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 27px;
    padding: 30px 0 36px;
  }

  .publish-intro__card {
    max-width: 450px;
  }

  .process-steps {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }

  .process-step {
    padding-left: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .process-step:nth-child(2) {
    border-right: 0;
    padding-left: 18px;
  }

  .process-step:nth-child(3) {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .process-step:nth-child(4) {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 0;
    padding-left: 18px;
  }

  .people-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .scope-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .container,
  .container--narrow {
    width: min(calc(100% - 36px), var(--container));
  }

  .utility-inner {
    min-height: 34px;
  }

  .publisher {
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  }

  .publisher__mark {
    width: 14px;
    height: 19px;
  }

  .utility-nav {
    gap: 11px;
  }

  .utility-nav a {
    display: none;
  }

  .utility-search {
    font-size: 0;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .utility-search .icon {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
  }

  .masthead__inner {
    padding: 17px 0;
    gap: 15px;
  }

  .journal-identity {
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .journal-thumb {
    width: 40px;
    height: 57px;
    box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 #eeeae1;
  }

  .journal-kicker {
    font-size: 9.5px;
    margin-bottom: 3px;
  }

  .journal-title {
    font-size: 24px;
  }

  .journal-subtitle {
    display: none;
  }

  .journal-meta {
    margin-top: 4px;
    font-size: 9px;
  }

  .journal-actions {
    gap: 7px;
  }

  .journal-actions .btn {
    flex: 1;
    padding-inline: 8px;
    font-size: 11px;
    min-height: 35px;
  }

  .nav-inner {
    min-height: 47px;
  }

  .nav-tools {
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .nav-search {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    font-size: 10.5px;
  }

  .section {
    padding: 51px 0;
  }

  .section--tight {
    padding: 38px 0;
  }

  .section-head {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding-top: 14px;
  }

  .section-head__aside {
    padding-bottom: 0;
  }

  .section-head__title {
    font-size: 27px;
  }

  .hero__inner {
    padding: 36px 0 52px;
  }

  .hero__kicker {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-size: 9.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  }

  .hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(35px, 10vw, 46px);
    line-height: 1.05;
  }

  .hero__lede {
    margin-top: 16px;
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.65;
  }

  .hero__credit {
    margin-top: 13px;
    font-size: 10.5px;
  }

  .hero__actions {
    margin-top: 23px;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .hero__actions .btn {
    min-height: 42px;
    font-size: 12.5px;
  }

  .hero__media {
    grid-template-columns: 127px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 15px;
  }

  .hero__cover-caption {
    font-size: 8.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  }

  .hero__cover-caption a {
    font-size: 9px;
  }

  .stats-shell {
    margin-top: -19px;
  }

  .stat {
    padding: 14px 14px 13px;
  }

  .stat__label {
    font-size: 8px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  }

  .stat__value {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .stat__note {
    font-size: 8.5px;
  }

  .stat__arrow {
    display: none;
  }

  .layout-main {
    gap: 38px;
  }

  .layout-main__aside {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 15px;
  }

  .layout-main__aside .side-card--navy {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

  .article-item {
    padding: 19px 0;
  }

  .article-title,
  .result-item .article-title {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .article-authors {
    font-size: 11.5px;
  }

  .article-citation {
    font-size: 10.5px;
  }

  .article-snippet {
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  .split-grid {
    gap: 38px;
  }

  .tabs {
    gap: 18px;
    overflow-x: auto;
  }

  .tab {
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .rank-item {
    padding: 14px 0;
  }

  .cfp-feature {
    grid-template-columns: 76px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 14px;
  }

  .cfp-title {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .scope-copy p {
    font-size: 14.5px;
  }

  .scope-copy p:first-of-type {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .editor-card {
    padding: 21px;
  }

  .news-item {
    display: block;
    padding-top: 13px;
  }

  .news-date {
    margin-bottom: 7px;
  }

  .cta-band__inner {
    padding: 42px 0;
  }

  .cta-band__title {
    font-size: 30px;
  }

  .cta-band__text {
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .cta-band__actions {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .cta-band__actions .btn {
    flex: 1;
    font-size: 12px;
    padding-inline: 11px;
  }

  .footer-main {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 27px 22px;
    padding: 39px 0 29px;
  }

  .footer-brand {
    grid-column: span 2;
  }

  .footer-journal {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .footer-bottom {
    padding-top: 16px;
  }

  .footer-legal {
    gap: 6px 12px;
  }

  .page-header {
    padding: 25px 0 30px;
  }

  .breadcrumbs {
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    font-size: 9.5px;
  }

  .breadcrumbs [aria-current="page"] {
    max-width: 230px;
  }

  .page-header h1 {
    font-size: 37px;
  }

  .page-header__lede {
    font-size: 13.5px;
  }

  .results-head {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .results-head h1 {
    font-size: 25px;
  }

  .results-tools {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .sort-select {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .result-item {
    padding: 19px 0;
  }

  .issue-masthead {
    grid-template-columns: 88px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 17px;
    padding: 21px 0;
  }

  .issue-masthead__cover {
    width: 88px;
  }

  .issue-number {
    font-size: 8.5px;
  }

  .issue-masthead h1,
.issue-masthead h2 {
    font-size: 27px;
  }

  .issue-masthead__sub {
    font-size: 11px;
  }

  .issue-nav {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    padding-top: 3px;
  }

  .issue-editorial {
    margin-top: 21px;
    padding: 19px;
  }

  .issue-editorial h2 {
    font-size: 23px;
  }

  .toc {
    margin-top: 31px;
  }

  .toc-item {
    padding: 17px 0;
  }

  .toc-item .article-title {
    font-size: 16.5px;
  }

  .toc-item__meta {
    gap: 5px 9px;
    font-size: 8.5px;
  }

  .toc-group__head h2 {
    font-size: 21px;
  }

  .article-page-header {
    padding: 24px 0 28px;
  }

  .article-badges {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }

  .article-detail-title {
    font-size: 32px;
  }

  .article-byline {
    margin-top: 14px;
    font-size: 12.5px;
  }

  .affiliations {
    font-size: 10px;
  }

  .article-source-line {
    margin-top: 15px;
    font-size: 10.5px;
  }

  .article-toolbar {
    margin-top: 20px;
  }

  .article-toolbar .btn {
    flex: 1;
    min-height: 36px;
    padding-inline: 8px;
    font-size: 11px;
  }

  .article-toolbar .btn--share {
    flex: none;
    width: 38px;
  }

  .article-toolbar .btn--share span {
    display: none;
  }

  .article-layout {
    padding-top: 25px;
    padding-bottom: 58px;
  }

  .highlights {
    padding: 17px 18px;
  }

  .highlights ul {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .highlights li {
    font-size: 11.5px;
  }

  .abstract-text {
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.7;
  }

  .fulltext h2 {
    font-size: 24px;
  }

  .fulltext h3 {
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .fulltext p {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.78;
  }

  .article-pullquote {
    font-size: 19px;
  }

  .article-aside {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .article-aside .side-card:nth-child(3) {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

  .data-table {
    min-width: 540px;
  }

  .article-footer-nav {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .article-footer-nav a {
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .about-intro {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 22px;
  }

  .about-intro__cover {
    width: 116px;
  }

  .about-intro__copy .lede {
    font-size: 21px;
  }

  .about-intro__meta {
    gap: 11px 23px;
  }

  .about-body h2 {
    font-size: 27px;
  }

  .editor-chief {
    grid-template-columns: 60px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 18px;
  }

  .editor-chief .monogram--lg {
    width: 58px;
    height: 58px;
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .editor-chief h3 {
    font-size: 21px;
  }

  .contact-panel {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 18px;
    padding: 19px;
  }

  .publish-body h2 {
    font-size: 26px;
  }

  .process-steps {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .process-step {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding: 14px 0 !important;
  }

  .process-step:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .types-table {
    display: block;
    overflow-x: auto;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .checklist {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .publish-aside,
  .search-aside {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .publish-aside .side-card--navy {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

  .search-page-form {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .search-page-form .btn {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .search-page-body {
    padding: 27px 0 58px;
  }

  .search-summary h2 {
    font-size: 23px;
  }

  .search-form {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .search-form .btn {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .search-panel,
  .cite-panel__body {
    padding-left: 19px;
    padding-right: 19px;
  }

  .search-panel {
    padding-top: 23px;
    padding-bottom: 21px;
  }

  .search-dialog,
  .cite-dialog {
    margin-top: 20px;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 40px);
  }

  .dialog-title {
    font-size: 24px;
  }

  .dialog-foot {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .citation-text {
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .toast {
    right: 16px;
    bottom: 16px;
    left: 16px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: none;
  }

  .not-found {
    padding: 50px 0;
  }

  .not-found h1 {
    font-size: 40px;
  }

  .not-found__mark {
    font-size: 190px;
    right: -10px;
    bottom: -15px;
  }

  .not-found__actions .btn {
    flex: 1;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 400px) {
  .journal-title {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .journal-meta span:last-child {
    display: none;
  }

  .journal-actions .btn--outline {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero__media {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    width: 160px;
  }

  .hero__cover-caption {
    margin-top: 8px;
  }

  .stat__label {
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  }

  .stats {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }

  .footer-main {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .footer-brand {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

  .footer-bottom {
    font-size: 9px;
  }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Print
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

@media print {
  @page {
    margin: 18mm 17mm 20mm;
  }

  body {
    color: #000;
    font-size: 10.5pt;
  }

  .utility-bar,
  .site-nav,
  .masthead__actions,
  .journal-actions,
  .hero,
  .stats-shell,
  .site-footer,
  .article-aside,
  .article-toolbar,
  .article-footer-nav,
  .breadcrumbs,
  .search-dialog,
  .cite-dialog,
  .toast,
  .skip-link,
  .article-note,
  .related-list {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .masthead {
    border-bottom: 1.5pt solid #000;
  }

  .masthead__inner {
    padding: 0 0 12pt;
  }

  .journal-thumb {
    width: 38pt;
    height: 53pt;
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .journal-title {
    font-size: 22pt;
  }

  .page-header,
  .article-page-header {
    padding: 20pt 0 14pt;
    background: #fff;
    border-bottom: 1pt solid #777;
  }

  .page-header h1,
  .article-detail-title {
    color: #000;
    font-size: 24pt;
  }

  .article-layout {
    display: block;
    padding: 18pt 0 0;
  }

  .article-body {
    max-width: none;
  }

  .abstract-text,
  .fulltext p {
    font-size: 10.5pt;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }

  .highlights {
    break-inside: avoid;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1pt solid #999;
  }

  .graphical-abstract {
    break-inside: avoid;
    max-width: 85%;
  }

  .fulltext h2 {
    font-size: 15pt;
    break-after: avoid;
  }

  .fulltext h3 {
    font-size: 11pt;
    break-after: avoid;
  }

  .references {
    break-before: page;
  }

  .data-table {
    font-size: 9pt;
  }

  a {
    color: #000;
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  .print-only {
    display: block !important;
  }

  .print-footer {
    margin-top: 24pt;
    padding-top: 8pt;
    border-top: 0.5pt solid #999;
    color: #555;
    font-size: 8pt;
  }
}

.print-only {
  display: none;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Scholarly product treatment
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  --brand-orange: #c84922;
  --ink: #141415;
  --ink-soft: #383838;
  --muted: #5e5e5a;
  --muted-light: #7b7b76;
  --navy: #141415;
  --navy-deep: #141415;
  --navy-soft: #242424;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --ivory: #f7f6f2;
  --ivory-deep: #efede7;
  --line: #e2dfd8;
  --line-strong: #cbc8c0;
  --blue: #2354ff;
  --blue-dark: #173ecb;
  --orange: #2354ff;
  --orange-text: #2354ff;
  --orange-deep: #1b41c9;
  --action: #2354ff;
  --action-hover: #173ecb;
  --orange-soft: #edf1ff;
  --gold: #c6a15b;
  --gold-light: #e6c88f;
  --green: #256b4a;
  --green-soft: #eaf4ee;
  --red: #a12d2d;
  --container: 1280px;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.04), 0 4px 14px rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.05);
  --shadow-md: 0 6px 22px rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.08);
  --shadow-lg: 0 22px 55px rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.18);
  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, "Times New Roman", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}

body {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.container {
  width: min(calc(100% - 64px), var(--container));
}

.container--narrow {
  width: min(calc(100% - 64px), 1040px);
}

::selection {
  background: var(--blue);
  color: #fff;
}

a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

:focus-visible {
  outline-color: var(--blue);
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  color: var(--ink);
}

/* Buttons and links */

.btn {
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 0 22px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.btn--sm {
  min-height: 38px;
  padding-inline: 17px;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.btn--lg {
  min-height: 48px;
  padding-inline: 27px;
  font-size: 14.5px;
}

.btn--primary {
  border-color: var(--blue);
  background: var(--blue);
  color: #fff;
}

.btn--primary:hover {
  border-color: var(--blue-dark);
  background: var(--blue-dark);
}

.btn--outline {
  border-color: var(--line-strong);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.btn--outline:hover {
  border-color: var(--blue);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--blue);
}

.btn--ghost-light {
  border-color: rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.35);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.btn--ghost-light:hover {
  border-color: var(--blue);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--blue);
}

.btn--white {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--blue);
}

.btn--white:hover {
  background: var(--blue-soft, #edf1ff);
}

.text-link {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.text-link:hover {
  color: var(--blue-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.text-link--orange {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.text-link--light {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.text-link--light:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.eyebrow {
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.eyebrow::before {
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--blue);
}

.eyebrow--light {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.eyebrow--plain {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.arrow {
  transition: transform 0.2s var(--ease);
}

/* Global header */

.global-header {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 95;
  background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eceae5;
}

.global-header__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 34px;
  min-height: 76px;
}

.global-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 30px;
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.global-nav a {
  position: relative;
  padding: 7px 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.global-nav a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.global-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  flex: none;
}

.global-actions .btn {
  min-height: 40px;
  padding-inline: 19px;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.global-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.global-icon:hover {
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.global-icon svg {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.6;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

/* Journal product bar */

.site-nav {
  top: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);
  box-shadow: none;
}

.site-nav.is-stuck {
  box-shadow: 0 3px 14px rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.07);
}

.nav-inner {
  gap: 32px;
  min-height: 62px;
}

.journal-brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 11px;
  flex: none;
  align-self: center;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.journal-brand:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-mark {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 29px;
  height: 29px;
  flex: none;
  background: var(--brand-orange);
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.journal-brand__text {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1px;
}

.journal-brand__name {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.journal-brand__cn {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.nav-link,
.nav-menu-button {
  height: 62px;
  padding: 0 14px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-menu-button:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.nav-link::after,
.nav-menu-button::after {
  right: 14px;
  left: 14px;
  height: 2px;
}

.nav-link:hover::after,
.nav-menu-button:hover::after,
.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-link::after,
.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-menu-button::after {
  background: var(--blue);
}

.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-link,
.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-menu-button {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.nav-menu-button .chevron {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
}

.nav-sub {
  min-width: 264px;
  padding: 8px 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 0;
  border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 32px rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.1);
}

.nav-sub a {
  padding: 9px 18px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.nav-sub a:hover {
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--blue);
}

.nav-sub a span {
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.nav-tools {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  margin-left: auto;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.nav-issue {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav-issue::before {
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  background: var(--blue);
}

.nav-issue:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.nav-guide {
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav-toggle {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Homepage hero */

.hero {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 92px 0 136px;
  border-bottom: 0;
  background-color: var(--ivory);
  background-image: url("../assets/pattern-tiles.svg");
  background-position: center top;
  background-size: 640px auto;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-align: center;
}

.hero::before,
.hero::after {
  display: none;
}

.hero__inner,
.hero__inner--center {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: block;
  max-width: 940px;
  padding: 0;
}

.hero__kicker {
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0 0 22px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.hero__kicker span {
  display: none;
}

.hero__title {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: #403e3b;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(42px, 3.7vw, 54px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.033em;
  line-height: 1.08;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.hero__title em {
  color: #403e3b;
  font-style: italic;
}

.hero__lede {
  max-width: 680px;
  margin: 24px auto 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.hero__credit {
  margin: 17px auto 0;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  text-align: center;
}

.hero__credit strong {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.hero__actions {
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 22px;
  margin-top: 31px;
}

.hero__secondary {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 6px 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.hero__secondary svg {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  transition: transform 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.hero__secondary:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.hero__secondary:hover svg {
  transform: translate(2px, -2px);
}

/* Current issue strip */

.issue-strip-shell {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  margin-top: -78px;
}

.issue-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 108px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 30px;
  padding: 24px 28px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 48px rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.1);
}

.issue-strip__cover-link {
  display: block;
  align-self: center;
}

.issue-strip__cover {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid #dedbd4;
  box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.14);
  transition: transform 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.issue-masthead__cover,
.about-intro__cover,
.cfp-cover,
.journal-thumb,
.hero__cover,
.graphical-abstract img {
  height: auto;
}

.issue-strip__cover-link:hover .issue-strip__cover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.issue-strip__kicker {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.issue-strip__body h2 {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.018em;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.issue-strip__meta {
  margin: 0 0 13px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.issue-strip__articles {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 13px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  list-style: none;
}

.issue-strip__themes {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px 22px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 13px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  list-style: none;
}

.issue-strip__themes li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.issue-strip__themes li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 7px;
  left: 0;
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--blue);
}

.issue-strip__note {
  max-width: 680px;
  margin: 0;
  padding-top: 13px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.scope-strip {
  margin-top: 34px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.scope-strip__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.scope-cell {
  padding: 25px 28px 27px 0;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.scope-cell + .scope-cell {
  padding-left: 28px;
}

.scope-cell:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.scope-cell__number {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.scope-cell h2 {
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.scope-cell p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.status-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.status-list > div {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 9px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.status-list > div:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.status-list dt {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.status-list dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: right;
}

.issue-strip__articles a {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.issue-strip__articles a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.issue-strip__articles span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.issue-strip__aside {
  min-width: 158px;
  padding-left: 10px;
  text-align: right;
}

.issue-strip__aside .btn {
  min-height: 38px;
  padding-inline: 16px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
}

.issue-strip__aside p {
  margin: 12px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* Metrics */

.stats-shell {
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.stats {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: none;
}

.stat {
  padding: 21px 24px 20px;
}

.stat:hover {
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.stat__label {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.stat__value {
  color: #403e3b;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 29px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.stat__value small {
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.stat__note {
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 10.5px;
}

.stat__label .icon {
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.stat__arrow {
  color: var(--blue);
}

/* Section architecture */

.section {
  padding: 82px 0;
}

.section--tight {
  padding: 62px 0;
}

.section--ivory {
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.section-head {
  margin-bottom: 26px;
  padding-top: 0;
  border-top: 0;
}

.section-head__title {
  color: #141415;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: clamp(25px, 2.4vw, 30px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.section-head__aside {
  padding-bottom: 2px;
}

.section-head__note {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.section-intro {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.layout-main {
  gap: 56px;
}

/* Editorial lists */

.article-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.article-item {
  padding: 23px 0;
}

.article-type {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
}

.article-title {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  line-height: 1.42;
}

.article-title a {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.article-title a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.article-authors {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.article-citation {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.article-file-link {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.article-file-link:hover {
  color: var(--blue-dark);
}

.article-file-link--quiet {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.article-file-link--quiet:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.article-actions-row {
  gap: 16px;
}

.tag {
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--muted);
  padding: 3px 9px;
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
}

.tag--oa {
  background: var(--green-soft);
  color: var(--green);
}

.tag--free {
  background: var(--orange-soft);
  color: var(--blue);
}

.tag--editorial,
.tag--orange {
  background: #f4f1e8;
  color: #7c632e;
}

/* Cards */

.side-card {
  padding: 24px;
  border: 0;
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.side-card + .side-card {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.side-card__head {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.side-card__head h2,
.side-card__head h3 {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

.side-card__head a {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.side-card--navy {
  padding: 25px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--blue);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.side-card--navy::after {
  display: none;
}

.side-card--navy h2,
.side-card--navy h3 {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 23px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.side-card--navy p {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.side-card--navy .eyebrow {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.side-links a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.side-links a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.metric__value {
  color: #403e3b;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.metric__label {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
}

.metrics-note {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.metrics-note a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.field-input,
.field-select,
.field-textarea,
.sort-select {
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #fff;
}

.field-inline .field-input {
  border-radius: 4px 0 0 4px;
}

.field-inline .btn {
  border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
}

.index-badge {
  background: #fff;
  border-color: var(--line);
}

/* Tabs and rankings */

.tab[aria-selected="true"]::after {
  background: var(--blue);
}

.rank-number {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.rank-title {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.rank-title a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.rank-meta {
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

/* Calls for papers */

.cfp-feature {
  padding: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.cfp-label {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.cfp-title {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.cfp-title a {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.cfp-title a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.cfp-meta {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.cfp-deadline {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.cfp-deadline .icon {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.cfp-mini {
  padding: 18px 0;
}

.cfp-mini .cfp-title {
  font-size: 16px;
}

/* Scope + editor */

.scope-copy p {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.scope-copy p:first-of-type {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.scope-topics li {
  border-color: var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.editor-card {
  border: 0;
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.editor-card::before {
  content: none;
}

.editor-card__label {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.editor-quote {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.editor-card__statement {
  margin: 0 0 17px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.launch-steps {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 30px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.launch-step {
  padding: 17px 22px 0 0;
}

.launch-step + .launch-step {
  padding-left: 22px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.launch-step__number {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.launch-step h3 {
  margin: 6px 0 4px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.launch-step p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.oa-panel {
  border-color: transparent;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--blue);
  background: #f0f3ff;
}

.oa-panel h3 {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.oa-panel a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.search-summary {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.not-found {
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.not-found__code {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.not-found h1 {
  color: #403e3b;
}

.not-found__mark {
  color: rgba(35, 84, 255, 0.04);
}

.editor-card__role {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.monogram {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--blue);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

/* News cards */

.news-grid {
  gap: 20px;
}

.news-item {
  display: block;
  padding: 23px;
  border-top: 0;
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.news-date {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.news-date::before {
  background: var(--blue);
}

.news-title {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.news-title a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.news-excerpt {
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* CTA band */

.cta-band {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--ivory);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.cta-band::before {
  border-color: rgba(35, 84, 255, 0.12);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 66px rgba(35, 84, 255, 0.02), 0 0 0 132px rgba(35, 84, 255, 0.015);
}

.cta-band::after {
  color: rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.035);
}

.cta-band .eyebrow {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.cta-band__title {
  color: #403e3b;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(34px, 3.8vw, 46px);
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.cta-band__text {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.cta-band__note {
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

/* Footer */

.site-footer {
  background: #141415;
  color: #b7b7b3;
}

.footer-main {
  padding-top: 55px;
}

.footer-logo {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  color: #e06a42;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.025em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.footer-logo:hover {
  color: #e06a42;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-logo svg {
  width: 29px;
  height: 38px;
}

.footer-journal {
  margin-top: 20px;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.footer-cn {
  color: #ddb39e;
}

.footer-about,
.footer-col a,
.footer-contact {
  color: #adada8;
}

.footer-col h2 {
  color: #efefec;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.footer-col a:hover,
.footer-legal a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

.footer-social .social-link {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
  color: #e8e8e4;
}

.footer-note,
.footer-issn {
  color: #82827d;
}

.footer-legal a {
  color: #c7c7c2;
}

.footer-contact strong {
  color: #e8e8e4;
}

.footer-contact a {
  color: #e8e8e4;
}

/* Interior page headers */

.page-header {
  padding: 40px 0 48px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background-color: var(--ivory);
  background-image: url("../assets/pattern-tiles.svg");
  background-position: center -40px;
  background-size: 760px auto;
}

.page-header::after {
  display: none;
}

.breadcrumbs {
  margin-bottom: 25px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

.breadcrumbs a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.breadcrumbs a:hover {
  color: var(--blue-dark);
}

.breadcrumbs .sep {
  color: var(--muted-light);
}

.breadcrumbs [aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.page-header h1 {
  color: #403e3b;
  font-size: clamp(38px, 4vw, 50px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.page-header__lede {
  margin-top: 15px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.page-header__aside {
  padding: 2px 0 2px 22px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.page-header__aside strong {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.page-header__aside a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

/* Article status */

.article-page-header {
  padding: 29px 0 33px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.article-status-banner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 27px;
  padding: 15px 19px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--blue);
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.article-status-banner .status-pill {
  flex: none;
}

.article-status-banner p {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.article-metric__value--sm {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.publication-grid {
  row-gap: 19px;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.article-detail-title {
  color: #403e3b;
}

.article-byline {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.article-section-title {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.highlights {
  border: 0;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--blue);
  background: var(--ivory);
}

.nav-list {
  margin-left: -14px;
}

.footer-logo-mark {
  width: 72px;
  height: 40px;
  flex: none;
  display: block;
}

.footer-logo {
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.footer-logo:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

.footer-cn {
  margin: 13px 0 11px;
}

.footer-status {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 7px;
  color: #ddb39e;
}

/* Journal identity in the top masthead */

.mast-brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 13px;
  flex: none;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.mast-brand:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.mast-logo {
  display: block;
  width: 76px;
  height: 42px;
  flex: none;
}

.mast-text {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 3px;
}

.mast-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.02;
}

.mast-sub {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.mast-cn {
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  color: var(--brand-orange);
  font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
}

.mast-status {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 11px;
  min-width: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.status-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  flex: none;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #edf1ff;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.status-dot {
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--blue);
}

.mast-status__text {
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.mast-status__link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 500;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.mast-status__link:hover {
  color: var(--blue-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.mast-status__link svg {
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.nav-mobile-title {
  display: none;
}

@media (max-width: 1220px) {
  .mast-status__text {
    display: none;
  }

  .global-header__inner {
    gap: 22px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1040px) {
  .mast-name {
    font-size: 25px;
  }

  .mast-status {
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .mast-sub-long {
    display: none;
  }

  .global-header__inner {
    min-height: 70px;
  }

  .nav-inner {
    gap: 18px;
  }

  .nav-link,
  .nav-menu-button {
    padding-inline: 11px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .nav-link::after,
  .nav-menu-button::after {
    right: 11px;
    left: 11px;
  }

  .nav-tools {
    gap: 12px;
    padding-left: 10px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .mast-status {
    display: none;
  }

  .global-header__inner {
    min-height: 66px;
  }

  .global-actions .btn {
    min-height: 38px;
    padding-inline: 16px;
  }

  .journal-brand__name {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .global-header__inner {
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .mast-logo {
    width: 64px;
    height: 35px;
  }

  .mast-name {
    font-size: 23px;
  }

  .mast-sub {
    font-size: 8.5px;
  }

  .global-actions {
    gap: 2px;
  }

  .global-icon {
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
  }

  .global-icon svg {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
  }

  .nav-inner {
    min-height: 56px;
    gap: 12px;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .nav-mobile-title {
    display: block;
    order: 0;
    margin-right: auto;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 12.5px;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  .nav-mobile-title::before {
    content: "";
    display: inline-block;
    width: 5px;
    height: 5px;
    margin-right: 7px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--blue);
    vertical-align: 1px;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    order: 1;
    display: inline-flex;
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .nav-tools {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-list {
    top: 100%;
    padding: 8px 0 16px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 28px rgba(20, 20, 21, 0.09);
  }

  .nav-link,
  .nav-menu-button {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 12px 0;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--ink);
  }

  .nav-link::after,
  .nav-menu-button::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-link,
  .nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-menu-button {
    color: var(--blue);
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  .nav-sub {
    position: static;
    display: none;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0 0 8px 12px;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: none;
  }

  .has-menu.menu-open > .nav-sub {
    display: block;
  }

  .has-menu:hover > .nav-sub,
  .has-menu:focus-within > .nav-sub {
    display: none;
  }

  .has-menu.menu-open:hover > .nav-sub,
  .has-menu.menu-open:focus-within > .nav-sub {
    display: block;
  }

  .nav-sub a {
    padding: 7px 0;
    font-size: 12.5px;
  }

  .nav-sub a span {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero {
    padding: 64px 0 105px;
  }

  .hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(38px, 7vw, 48px);
  }

  .hero__lede {
    font-size: 15.5px;
  }

  .issue-strip-shell {
    margin-top: -54px;
  }

  .issue-strip {
    grid-template-columns: 92px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 20px;
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .issue-strip__cover {
    width: 92px;
  }

  .issue-strip__aside {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 18px;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 14px 0 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    text-align: left;
  }

  .issue-strip__aside p {
    margin: 0;
    text-align: right;
  }

  .issue-strip__body h2 {
    font-size: 19px;
  }

  .stats-shell {
    margin-top: 16px;
  }

  .stat {
    padding: 17px;
  }

  .stat__value {
    font-size: 25px;
  }

  .stat__arrow {
    display: none;
  }

  .section {
    padding: 62px 0;
  }

  .section-head__title {
    font-size: 25px;
  }

  .hero__actions {
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .hero__secondary {
    font-size: 13.5px;
  }

  .layout-main {
    gap: 44px;
  }

  .split-grid {
    gap: 46px;
  }

  .cta-band__inner {
    padding: 48px 0;
  }

  .cta-band__title {
    font-size: 34px;
  }

  .footer-main {
    gap: 34px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .global-submit {
    display: none;
  }

  .mast-sub-long {
    display: none;
  }

  .container {
    width: min(calc(100% - 40px), var(--container));
  }

  .container--narrow {
    width: min(calc(100% - 40px), 1040px);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .global-header__inner {
    min-height: 61px;
  }

  .mast-name {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .mast-brand {
    gap: 9px;
  }

  .mast-logo {
    width: 56px;
    height: 31px;
  }

  .footer-logo-mark {
    width: 62px;
    height: 34px;
  }

  .mast-sub {
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  }

  .global-icon {
    width: 31px;
    height: 31px;
  }

  .nav-inner {
    min-height: 52px;
  }

  .nav-mobile-title {
    font-size: 12.5px;
  }

  .hero {
    padding: 50px 0 92px;
  }

  .hero__kicker {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    font-size: 9.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  }

  .hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(33px, 9.6vw, 41px);
    line-height: 1.08;
  }

  .hero__lede {
    margin-top: 17px;
    font-size: 14.5px;
  }

  .hero__actions {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    margin-top: 25px;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .hero__actions .btn {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 280px;
  }

  .issue-strip-shell {
    margin-top: -42px;
  }

  .issue-strip {
    grid-template-columns: 68px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 15px;
    padding: 15px;
  }

  .issue-strip__cover {
    width: 68px;
  }

  .issue-strip__body h2 {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .issue-strip__articles {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 9px;
  }

  .issue-strip__articles li:nth-child(3) {
    display: none;
  }

  .issue-strip__aside {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .issue-strip__aside p {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .stat__value {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .section {
    padding: 49px 0;
  }

  .section-head__title {
    font-size: 23px;
  }

  .side-card {
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .news-grid {
    gap: 13px;
  }

  .cta-band__title {
    font-size: 30px;
  }

  .footer-logo {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .footer-cn {
    margin-top: 11px;
  }

  .footer-main {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }

  .footer-brand {
    grid-column: span 2;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .nav-list {
    left: -24px;
    right: -24px;
    margin-left: 0;
    padding-right: 24px;
    padding-left: 24px;
  }

  .issue-strip {
    align-items: start;
  }

  .issue-strip__cover-link {
    align-self: start;
  }

  .page-header__aside {
    padding: 14px 0 0;
    border-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  }

  .article-page-header .breadcrumbs {
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }

  .article-status-banner {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .issue-masthead h2 {
    font-size: 30px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .scope-strip {
    margin-top: 20px;
  }

  .scope-strip__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .scope-cell,
  .scope-cell + .scope-cell {
    padding: 16px 0;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .scope-cell:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .scope-cell h2 {
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .scope-cell p {
    font-size: 11.5px;
  }

  .page-header {
    padding: 27px 0 33px;
    background-size: 600px auto;
  }

  .page-header h1 {
    font-size: 35px;
    line-height: 1.12;
  }

  .page-header__lede {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.65;
  }

  .page-header__aside {
    font-size: 11px;
  }

  .breadcrumbs {
    margin-bottom: 17px;
    font-size: 10.5px;
  }

  .article-status-banner {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 14px 16px;
  }

  .issue-masthead h2 {
    font-size: 26px;
  }

  .issue-aside {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .article-toolbar .btn--share {
    flex: none;
  }

  .article-toolbar .btn {
    min-height: 38px;
    font-size: 10.5px;
    padding-inline: 7px;
  }

  .article-toolbar .btn .icon {
    width: 13px;
    height: 13px;
  }

  .types-table {
    display: table;
    width: 100%;
    table-layout: fixed;
    white-space: normal;
    font-size: 10.5px;
  }

  .types-table th,
  .types-table td {
    padding: 8px 6px;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    word-break: break-word;
  }

  .process-steps,
  .process-step {
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .nav-list {
    left: -20px;
    right: -20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
    padding-left: 20px;
  }

  .launch-steps {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .launch-step {
    padding: 15px 0;
  }

  .launch-step + .launch-step {
    padding-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-left: 0;
  }

  .launch-step p {
    font-size: 12px;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 641px) and (max-width: 940px) {
  .scope-strip__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }

  .scope-cell,
  .scope-cell + .scope-cell {
    padding: 20px 24px 21px;
  }

  .scope-cell:nth-child(odd) {
    padding-left: 0;
  }

  .scope-cell:nth-child(even) {
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .scope-cell:nth-child(-n + 2) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 460px) {
  .footer-main {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .footer-brand {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

  .footer-bottom {
    font-size: 9px;
  }

  .global-actions .global-icon:nth-child(3) {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* Publication model strip */

.publishing-model {
  padding: 42px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.publishing-model__inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 54px;
  align-items: center;
}

.publishing-model__copy h2 {
  margin: 5px 0 9px;
  color: #403e3b;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 38px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.publishing-model__copy p {
  max-width: 60ch;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.publishing-model__facts {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin: 0;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publishing-model__facts div {
  padding: 5px 20px;
}

.publishing-model__facts div + div {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publishing-model__facts dt {
  color: var(--muted-light);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.publishing-model__facts dd {
  margin: 5px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

/* LaTeX template */

.latex-callout {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 22px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-top: 27px;
  padding: 23px 25px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--blue);
  background: #fff;
}

.latex-callout > div:first-child {
  flex: 1 1 300px;
}

.latex-callout h3 {
  margin: 2px 0 6px;
  color: #403e3b;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 23px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.latex-callout p {
  max-width: 62ch;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.latex-callout .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.latex-callout__actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 15px;
}

.latex-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 245px;
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: start;
  margin: 22px 0 24px;
}

.latex-layout h3 {
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.latex-layout > div > h3:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.latex-preview {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 11px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.latex-preview img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid #eee;
}

.latex-preview figcaption {
  margin-top: 9px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.publish-body code,
.about-body code {
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.88em;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .publishing-model {
    padding: 34px 0;
  }

  .publishing-model__inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 25px;
  }

  .publishing-model__facts {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-left: 0;
    padding-top: 18px;
  }

  .publishing-model__facts div {
    padding: 0 18px;
  }

  .publishing-model__facts div:first-child {
    padding-left: 0;
  }

  .publishing-model__facts div:last-child {
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .latex-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .latex-preview {
    max-width: 280px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .publishing-model__facts {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .publishing-model__facts div {
    padding: 0;
  }

  .publishing-model__facts div + div {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-left: 0;
    padding-top: 13px;
  }

  .latex-callout {
    padding: 19px;
  }

  .latex-callout__actions .btn {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 360px) {
  .global-actions .global-icon {
    display: none;
  }
}